Published - Tue, 30 Aug 2022

ZigBee Penetration Testing

ZigBee Penetration Testing

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ZigBee Penetration Testing
ZigBee Penetration Testing

Tue, 30 Aug 2022
Bluetooth Penetration Testing
Bluetooth Penetration Testing
This article (Hacking Bluetooth: What you need to know) attempts to give an overview of the technology, terms, and security that is built into Bluetooth. I hope this will allow you to get started in hacking Bluetooth without getting bogged down by too much technical detail.Before starting any hacking tutorials, you need to understand the technology.To do that, you need to know the terms, and what they mean, as well as how they are used in the context of Bluetooth, which is the topic of this tutorial.The first thing to understand is that Bluetooth is an open standard that allows devices to communicate with each other over short distances (usually around 10 meters).There are several communication protocols built on top of this basic idea, but one of the most well-known is the A2DP (application data profile) standard. This allows for the streaming of audio over a short distance, similar to Wi-Fi or USB.If you don’t know how Bluetooth works, it’s hard to hack it. You need to understand key terms like the modes, encryption types and security settings which allow us to adequately prepare for hacks.In this short article, we’ll simplify some of these concepts and provide some examples of how to use them in our testing.HardwareThis is the protocol that enables devices to connect to each other wirelessly. It uses the same radio transceiver and antenna as Wi-Fi.Bluetooth can be used for a variety of applications, ranging from simple pairing of two devices (like a computer and its keyboard) to voice over IP for phone calls.Each device also transmits information about its capabilities, which Bluetooth devices can use to detect another device. This gives you some basic information about the other device, including its name and what it is capable of doing or displaying.It’s quite easy to pair any two devices over Bluetooth, although it takes some time if they’re not in close proximity (i.e., much longer when both devices are on different networks).Types of BluetoothClassicClassic Bluetooth devices have high data throughput and high battery consumption.79 channels of 1MHz with a clock of 625usSophisticated PHY ModulationLow EnergyLow data throughput but a long battery lifetime.40 channels of 2 MHz and use events spaced in multiples of 1.25ms.Simple PHY ModulationPairing ProcessPairing is a process of making a Bluetooth device discoverable to other devices. This process can be verified by looking for it’s presence on the list of connected devices in the smartphone.When a user pairs two devices, one is usually paired as an ‘access point’ and the other as an ‘attached peripheral’.The remote device can then transform from being a Bluetooth EDR to a Bluetooth HCI device.The term AAA (Acquiring Application Access) is commonly used for this process.This not only allows two devices to exchange information via the connection, but also create identities within the connected devices by assigning a unique name (name). In this way, the users are immediately aware of who they are talking to or receiving data from.Bluetooth SecurityMany Bluetooth devices have been compromised because the pre-shared key is often not secured.When a device goes through pairing mode, both devices exchange a secret key and this lets them communicate for the first time.This key is then used to authenticate between devices and to encrypt their communications.Someone with physical access to either the master or slave can reconfigure that device’s physical jumper pins and gain control over both devices. As long as one has knowledge of this pre-shared keyBluetooth hacking toolsHow to Bluesnarf devicesHow to Bluejack a Bluetooth deviceSource: Bluetooth Penetration Testing

Tue, 30 Aug 2022
Wireless Penetration Testing
Wireless Penetration Testing
Introduction to Wireless Penetration TestingWireless penetration testing is a method to test an organization’s security. It is the process of gaining unauthorized access to the wireless network, data and the applications. The objective is to find any holes in the security architecture of the organization and devise tactics that will help thwart attackers (Wireless Penetration Testing).Wireless penetration testing in on rise nowadays wireless networks are everywhere, my main goal here is to introduce you to the wireless penetration testing methodology.This article covers everything from the basics of wireless to the advanced technologies. The topics include WLAN fundamentals; client-to-AP security issues; Authentication, Encryption, and Key Management; Wireless Access Points and Network InfrastructureThere are many techniques to attack Wireless networks we just need to think a little bit before starting to do some damage.My goal here is to study and understand the technology better and share everything I learn with the community will I improve my English. This is a simple technical document to help people how to design a Wireless network with minimum security and be aware of the risks.Secure Wireless networkThe wireless penetration testing methodology is a great way to understand wireless network security. However, there is a lot to be learn – from the type of devices at risk (i.e., smartphones and tablets) to the types of attacks that are used by wireline intruders.In Wireless networks we need at least two devices, one Access Point (Router) and a STA (Client PC or Mobile) to associate with access point!Wireless 802.11 Layer 1The 802.11 standard defines the wireless technology it defines the frequency, bandwidth and the modulation used by devices.802.11 Frame TypesManagement , Control ,Data , ExtensionThere are some differences in the low-level layers between a Wireless network and a cable network, on Wi-Fi the Layer 1 uses the normalization 802.11 and on layer 2 the sub layer LLC is the same but the sub layer MAC uses the protocol CSMA/CA to detect and correct errors on frames.A wireless network use radio waves to communicate with the clients, there are two types of operation modes: infrastructure (ESS) and Ad hoc (IBSS).The most common these days is the infrastructure (ESS) mode, use one AP and one client (STB), if there are more than one AP the link between both APs is called DS (distribution system).Detecting DSs is very useful if we want to hijack some network or add our AP on foreign networks to monitor or use the network to our leverage.Ad-hoc mode is used to communicate machines directly or in peer-to-peer mode, this tutorial is focus on infrastructure mode so I don’t go deep in this mode it is to extensive but we will crack it.Router PerspectiveA router usually broadcasts his network name (ESSID) with beacons, MAC Address (BSSID), Chanel, cipher and encryption to air waiting some client connect to him. Let’s check what relevance this information has to us:ESSID – It identifies the network name, could be useful sometimes with some routes from ISPs we can use Key generators to generate correct Wifi password even WPA.BSSID – The BSSID is the mac address attributed to the wifi interface at router this is the interface we will connect when authenticated. The MAC address can give us some information like the router manufacture and the version of equipment (Thomson TG784n v3), if know this and we know this version of router have a bug in WPS system why wasting time trying to crack a WPA password?Chanel – Wireless networks use frequencies in a defined range (2.443Mhz to 2.447Mhz) to communicate and use channels toCipherEncryptionClients PerspectiveA client has less things to verify, besides everything we check on the router perspective that is necessary to establish a connection to the router.But we are here to crack a Wireless network so we need a wifi card with a special feature like Injection with this we can inject packets between the AP and a client to force them deauthenticate and some more interest things.Wifi Card with Injection – At these days there are many wifi cards with injection supported, you must verify the chipset of wifi card and install the proper drivers. But we already compile a list for you, check it here:Drivers – Pay attention to the drivers they must be installed correctly without errorsSoftware – At this tutorial we will use some Linux commands and the Aircrack-ng pack and other tools like WifiPumpkin 3 , Airgeddon, WifiteEncryptionCiphersOffensive Wireless Attacks Next, we will describe a list of most common techniques and vulnerabilities on Wireless networks. Wireless pentesting can be easy or tricky most of the times it depends on the hardware being attacked.Wifi AttacksOpen NetworksWEPWith ClientsNo ClientsWPA / WPA2Deauthentication AttackHandshake CapturePKMIWPSBruteforce WPSPixieDustNulll PinPins DataBaseWordlistsRainbow TablesKey GeneratorsReal ScenarioToolswireless penetration testing,wireless penetration testing services,what is wireless penetration testing,wireless security course,wifi penetration testingOffensive Wireless – Get GWAN CertificationGIAC CertificationSource: Wireless Penetration Testing

Tue, 30 Aug 2022

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